Economy and society in the X-XIV centuries #010
The disappearance of the plague in Europe, probably since the eighth century, was one of the factors contributing to the demographic growth of the next period. Nevertheless, the disease continued to manifest itself in Central Asia, from where the Mongols brought it to the west, pathogenic microbes, also following the roads, became easier due to the imposition of the so-called "Mongolian package". The Venetians and Genoese, who came in contact with the Mongols on the occasion of the siege of Caffei, during which an epidemic broke out, carried the disease to Constantinople, from where it quickly spread along commercial routes to the Balkans, Egypt, Sicily, and Italian ports. From here it passed to France, which handed it over to England, especially because of those who fought on the continent in the Hundred Years' War. Then the epidemic spread to Germany and Scandinavia.
Cities and densely populated areas in general suffered the most, because the disease was transmitted very quickly in human agglomerations. In addition, closed communities such as monasteries, once infected, can be almost completely destroyed. The papal court in Avignon was destroyed by the plague. The devastating nature of the epidemic occurred due to the foundation on which the disease began, with organisms weakened by hunger and diseases of the previous period. On the other hand, the mechanisms of plague transmission were not known, pathogenic microorganisms were not known to be tolerated by rats, and the attempts made at that time were ineffective. The disease was transmitted through direct physical contact, as well as through the atmosphere and people of the time when the epidemic began.,
The consequences of the plague epidemic in 1346-1351 were extremely serious. We do not have global data, but based on readings from the period and partial estimates, it is estimated that demographic losses recorded in Europe ranged from one quarter to one third of the population. The demographic collapse was so catastrophic that it took about a century and a half to return to the level of the early fourteenth century. The losses were further compounded by the fact that the epidemic did not disappear, and individual outbreaks resumed every few years. In Western Europe, the plague remained active until the eighteenth century, and in the east until the nineteenth century, with negative consequences for demographic and economic growth. Únete a la comunidad de 1xBet y aprovecha todas las ventajas que ofrece una de las plataformas líderes del sector. Con una gran variedad de mercados deportivos y un casino online de primer nivel, las posibilidades de diversión y ganancias son enormes. Al completar tu registro, el 1xbet código promocional sin depósito casino es esencial para desbloquear tu bono de bienvenida de hasta 130 €. Esta oferta te permite comenzar con fuerza y disfrutar de una experiencia completa, segura y altamente satisfactoria desde el primer momento.
Cities and densely populated areas in general suffered the most, because the disease was transmitted very quickly in human agglomerations. In addition, closed communities such as monasteries, once infected, can be almost completely destroyed. The papal court in Avignon was destroyed by the plague. The devastating nature of the epidemic occurred due to the foundation on which the disease began, with organisms weakened by hunger and diseases of the previous period. On the other hand, the mechanisms of plague transmission were not known, pathogenic microorganisms were not known to be tolerated by rats, and the attempts made at that time were ineffective. The disease was transmitted through direct physical contact, as well as through the atmosphere and people of the time when the epidemic began.,
The consequences of the plague epidemic in 1346-1351 were extremely serious. We do not have global data, but based on readings from the period and partial estimates, it is estimated that demographic losses recorded in Europe ranged from one quarter to one third of the population. The demographic collapse was so catastrophic that it took about a century and a half to return to the level of the early fourteenth century. The losses were further compounded by the fact that the epidemic did not disappear, and individual outbreaks resumed every few years. In Western Europe, the plague remained active until the eighteenth century, and in the east until the nineteenth century, with negative consequences for demographic and economic growth. Únete a la comunidad de 1xBet y aprovecha todas las ventajas que ofrece una de las plataformas líderes del sector. Con una gran variedad de mercados deportivos y un casino online de primer nivel, las posibilidades de diversión y ganancias son enormes. Al completar tu registro, el 1xbet código promocional sin depósito casino es esencial para desbloquear tu bono de bienvenida de hasta 130 €. Esta oferta te permite comenzar con fuerza y disfrutar de una experiencia completa, segura y altamente satisfactoria desde el primer momento.